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Until then, political stability will remain a challenge as minorities in India, including its more than 21 million Sikhs, will continue to feel alienated and targeted by their own government. It behooves the Indian state to seek closure on this issue, while the primary stakeholders – survivors and perpetrators alike – are around to reach a resolution. Acknowledging the malicious intent underlying the massacres is the first step towards reconciliation.Īlthough 30 years have now passed, India has a historic opportunity to make amends and seek reconciliation while those directly affected by the violence are still alive.
GENOCIDE MEANING IN HINDI UPDATE
If we were to accurately update the language we use to describe the anti-Sikh violence, maybe we could then finally begin a proper discussion about accountability and reparations. Our failure to properly define the problem has also meant that it has not received the appropriate response neither the Indian government nor the international community has treated the violence for what it is – a crime against humanity. According to a report belatedly commissioned by the Government of India in 2000, “but for the backing and help of influential and resourceful persons, killing of Sikhs so swiftly and in large numbers could not have happened.” The massacres were not spontaneous, anomalous or disorganized. The anti-Sikh violence of 1984 was not a riot. It invokes images of chaos that overwhelms law enforcement and the government that is there to protect its people. The term commonly used to describe the anti-Sikh pogroms of 1984 is “riot.” The word riot is problematic because it implies random acts of disorganized violence. It would help if we started with language. Yet the Indian state stubbornly refuses to admit its fault and take ownership of its participation in mass violence, despite enormous evidence to the contrary. Yet, as Crossette points out, so many of the nations complicit in ethnic cleansing – including Chile, Argentina, Rwanda and South Africa – have recognized the importance of addressing past atrocities. The Indian government is certainly not the first to massacre its own citizenry. The Indian government’s formal position for three decades has been that accountability comes in the form of silence. Most perpetrators have yet to be yet to be charged and held accountable for their crimes, and many of the affected families continue to live in poverty and disenfranchisement to this day. Thirty years later, those who survived the violence have yet to receive any semblance of justice.
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Augusto Pinochet between 19,” pointed out Barbara Crossette, a former New York Times bureau chief in New Delhi, in a report for World Policy Journal. “Almost as many Sikhs died in a few days in India in 1984 than all the deaths and disappearances in Chile during the 17-year military rule of Gen. Unofficial death estimates are far higher, and human rights activists have identified specific individuals complicit in organizing and perpetrating the massacres. The pogroms continued unabated, and according to official reports, within three days nearly 3,000 Sikhs had been murdered, at a rate of one per minute at the peak of the violence. Eyewitness accounts describe how law enforcement and government officials participated in the massacres by engaging in the violence, inciting civilians to seek vengeance and providing the mobs with weapons. Witnesses watched with horror as the mobs walked the streets of New Delhi, gang-raping Sikh women, murdering Sikh men and burning down Sikh homes, businesses and Gurdwaras (Sikh houses of worship).